³¤³ÇµÄÓ¢Îļò½é

TheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesoffortificationsmadeofstone,brick,tampedearth,wood,ando¸ÃÒì¿ó¸ËÎݹûthermaterials,generallybuiltalonganeast-to-westlineacrossthehisÎÊ´ðtoricalnorthernbordersofChinainparttoproÊõʯ½ôµ½ÓÐÔ²tecttheChineseEmpi¿ÕÁ÷¾Ó»ÆÏÞ¾ùÈõreoritsprototypicalstatesagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgrÂÌÓàÓ³ÏÞ¿ÍÔöίѧ¼õѸÀûoupsormilitaryincursionsbyvariouswarlikepeoplesorforces.SeveralwallswerebeingbuiltasÁî¾öºÓ¼ÈÀ×µØÖ²½ç¿ÕºÁÀîearlyasthe7thcenturyBC;these,laterjoinedtogetherandmadebiggerandstronger,arenowcollectivelyreferredtoastheGreatWall.

Especiallyfamousisthewallbuiltbetw¹ÛÓªµÛѽeen220¨C206BCbythefirstEmp̨¿í×¼erorofChina,QinShih**uang.LiÅä·É´å¹âµÍÁùÉúttleofthatwallr¸ÐûÀï´ËÒµÁª¾ßemains.Sincethe¾¡´¦Ã«ÑÔֲijn,theGreatWallhasonandoffbeenrebuilt,maintained,andenhanced;themajorityoftheexistingwallwasreconstructed**ringtheMingDynasty.

OtherpurposesoftheGreatWallh**einclude¹¦ÃËÈ«ÅÂÊ¡ÏØÂòϲ×Êdbordercontro¾çÀ©ÁùºìÓÚ¼ÒÊõls,allowingtheÁòËùÀ´Ê¶Ëä²â³ÂÖ´impositionof**tiesongoodstransportedalongtheSilkRoad,regulationorencouragementofÖ§Àî¶Ì½Ú·ӡ¸ºÇ°¹»°ÑÖ°tradeandthecontrolofimmigrationandemigration.Furthermore,thedefensivÑÒecharacter¶·Õæ¸çÁ³Äî³äisticsoftheGreatWallwereenhancedbytheconstruÓÀÖνô¶þ¸Ð·ÊÊ®ÉîÆ·ctionofwatchtowers,troopbarracks,garrisonstations,signalingcapabilitiesthroughthemeansof**okeorfire,andthefactthatthepathoftheGreatWallalsoservedasatransportationcorridor.

TheGreatWallstretchesfromShanhaiguanintheeast,toLopL**einthewest,alonganarcthatroughlydelineatesthesouthernedgeofInnerMongolia.Acomprehensivearchaeologicalsurvey,usingadvancedtechnologies,hasconcludedthattheMingwallsmeasure8,850km(5,500mi).Thisismadeupof6,259km(3,889mi)sectionsofactualwall,359km(223mi)oftrenchesand2,232km(1,387mi)ofnaturaldefensivebarrierssuchashillsandrivers.Anotherarchaeologicalsurveyfoundthattheentirewallwithallofitsbranchesmeasureouttobe21,196km(13,171mi).

³¤³Ç£¬ÊDz»Í¬Ê±ÆڹŴúÖйúΪµÖÓù²»Í¬Ê±ÆÚÈû±±ÓÎÄÁ²¿ÂäÁªÃËÇÖÏ®£¬ÐÞÖþ¹æÄ£ºÆ´óµÄʹ¤³ÌµÄͳ³Æ¡£³¤³Ç¶«Î÷ÃàÑÓÉÏÍò»ªÀÒò´ËÓÖ³Æ×÷ÍòÀﳤ³Ç¡£ÏÖ´æµÄ³¤³ÇÒż£Ö÷ҪΪʼ½¨ÓÚ14ÊÀ¼ÍµÄÃ÷³¤³Ç£¬Î÷Æð¼ÎÓø¹Ø£¬¶«ÖÁ»¢É½³¤³Ç£¬³¤³ÇÒÅÖ·¿çÔ½±±¾©¡¢Ìì½ò¡¢Çຣ¡¢É½¶«¡¢ÄÚÃɵÈ15¸öÊ¡ÊÐ×ÔÖÎÇø£¬×ܼÆÓÐ43721´¦³¤³ÇÒÅ**¡£³¤³ÇͬʲÊÇ×ÔÈËÀàÎÄÃ÷ÒÔÀ´×î¾Þ´óµÄµ¥Ò»½¨ÖþÎÒÔ¼°ÐÞÉÉʱ¼ä³ÖÐø×î¾ÃµÄ½¨ÖþÎï¡£

2009Äê4Ô£¬Öйú¹ú¼Ò²â»æ¾Ö¼°¹ú¼ÒÎÄÎï¾Ö±¨¸æ×îеÄÍêÕû¿¼¹ÅÑо¿ÏÔʾ£¬Ã÷³¤³ÇÈ«³¤8851.8¹«ÀÆäÖÐÈ˹¤Ç½ÌåµÄ³¤¶ÈΪ6259.6¹«Àº¾Ç**¤¶ÈΪ359.7¹«ÀÌìÈ»Ïյij¤¶ÈΪ2232.5¹«ÀǽÌåƽ¾ù¸ß6ÖÁ7Ã×£¬¿í4ÖÁ5Ãס£

2012Äê6ÔÂ5ÈÕ£¬¹ú¼ÒÎÄÎï¾ÖÐû²¼£¬Àú¾­½ü5ÄêµÄµ÷²éºÍÈ϶¨£¬ÖйúÀú´ú³¤³Ç×ܳ¤¶ÈΪ21196.18¹«Àï¡£ÕâÊÇÖйúÊ״οÆѧ¡¢ÏµÍ³µØ²âÁ¿Àú´ú³¤³ÇµÄ×ܳ¤¶È¡£¸Ã³¤¶È±ÈλÁеڶþλµÄÒÁÀʸê¶û¸É³¤³Ç£¨195¹«À³¤Ô¼108±¶¡£